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ADXL202 датащи(PDF) 8 Page - Analog Devices

номер детали ADXL202
подробное описание детали  Accelerometers with Digital Output
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производитель  AD [Analog Devices]
домашняя страница  http://www.analog.com
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ADXL202 датащи(HTML) 8 Page - Analog Devices

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ADXL202/ADXL210
REV. B
–8–
Table IV gives typical noise output of the ADXL202/ADXL210
for various CX and CY values.
Table IV. Filter Capacitor Selection, CX and CY
Peak-to-Peak Noise
Estimate 95%
Bandwidth
CX, CY
rms Noise
Probability (rms
4)
10 Hz
0.47
µF
1.9 mg
7.6 mg
50 Hz
0.10
µF
4.3 mg
17.2 mg
100 Hz
0.05
µF
6.1 mg
24.4 mg
200 Hz
0.027
µF 8.7 mg
35.8 mg
500 Hz
0.01
µF
13.7 mg
54.8 mg
CHOOSING T2 AND COUNTER FREQUENCY: DESIGN
TRADE-OFFS
The noise level is one determinant of accelerometer resolution.
The second relates to the measurement resolution of the
counter when decoding the duty cycle output.
The ADXL202/ADXL210’s duty cycle converter has a resolu-
tion of approximately 14 bits; better resolution than the acceler-
ometer itself. The actual resolution of the acceleration signal is,
however, limited by the time resolution of the counting devices
used to decode the duty cycle. The faster the counter clock, the
higher the resolution of the duty cycle and the shorter the T2
period can be for a given resolution. The following table shows
some of the trade-offs. It is important to note that this is the
resolution due to the microprocessors’s counter. It is probable
that the accelerometer’s noise floor may set the lower limit on
the resolution, as discussed in the previous section.
Table V. Trade-Offs Between Microcontroller Counter Rate,
T2 Period and Resolution of Duty Cycle Modulator
ADXL202/ Counter-
ADXL210 Clock
Counts
RSET Sample
Rate
per T2
Counts Resolution
T2 (ms) (k ) Rate
(MHz)
Cycle
per g
(mg)
1.0
124
1000
2.0
2000
250
4.0
1.0
124
1000
1.0
1000
125
8.0
1.0
124
1000
0.5
500
62.5
16.0
5.0
625
200
2.0
10000
1250
0.8
5.0
625
200
1.0
5000
625
1.6
5.0
625
200
0.5
2500
312.5
3.2
10.0
1250 100
2.0
20000
2500
0.4
10.0
1250 100
1.0
10000
1250
0.8
10.0
1250 100
0.5
5000
625
1.6
initial offset. The easiest way to null this offset is with a calibra-
tion factor saved on the microcontroller or by a user calibration
for zero g. In the case where the offset is calibrated during manu-
facture, there are several options, including external EEPROM
and microcontrollers with “one-time programmable” features.
DESIGN TRADE-OFFS FOR SELECTING FILTER
CHARACTERISTICS: THE NOISE/BW TRADE-OFF
The accelerometer bandwidth selected will determine the mea-
surement resolution (smallest detectable acceleration). Filtering
can be used to lower the noise floor and improve the resolution
of the accelerometer. Resolution is dependent on both the ana-
log filter bandwidth at XFILT and YFILT and on the speed of the
microcontroller counter.
The analog output of the ADXL202/ADXL210 has a typical
bandwidth of 5 kHz, much higher than the duty cycle stage is
capable of converting. The user must filter the signal at this
point to limit aliasing errors. To minimize DCM errors the
analog bandwidth should be less than 1/10 the DCM frequency.
Analog bandwidth may be increased to up to 1/2 the DCM
frequency in many applications. This will result in greater dy-
namic error generated at the DCM.
The analog bandwidth may be further decreased to reduce noise
and improve resolution. The ADXL202/ADXL210 noise has
the characteristics of white Gaussian noise that contributes
equally at all frequencies and is described in terms of
µg per root
Hz; i.e., the noise is proportional to the square root of the band-
width of the accelerometer. It is recommended that the user limit
bandwidth to the lowest frequency needed by the application, to
maximize the resolution and dynamic range of the accelerometer.
With the single pole roll-off characteristic, the typical noise of
the ADXL202/ADXL210 is determined by the following equation:
Noise rms
()= 500 µg/ Hz
 ×
BW
×1.5
At 100 Hz the noise will be:
Noise rms
()= 500 µg/ Hz
 ×
100
× (1.5)
 = 6.12 mg
Often the peak value of the noise is desired. Peak-to-peak noise
can only be estimated by statistical methods. Table III is useful
for estimating the probabilities of exceeding various peak values,
given the rms value.
Table III. Estimation of Peak-to-Peak Noise
% of Time that Noise
Nominal Peak-to-Peak
Will Exceed Nominal
Value
Peak-to-Peak Value
2.0
× rms
32%
4.0
× rms
4.6%
6.0
× rms
0.27%
8.0
× rms
0.006%
The peak-to-peak noise value will give the best estimate of the
uncertainty in a single measurement.


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