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AD711KR-REEL датащи(PDF) 8 Page - Analog Devices |
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AD711KR-REEL датащи(HTML) 8 Page - Analog Devices |
8 / 16 page REV. E AD711 –8– OP AMP SETTLING TIME—A MATHEMATICAL MODEL The design of the AD711 gives careful attention to optimizing individual circuit components; in addition, a careful tradeoff was made: the gain bandwidth product (4 MHz) and slew rate (20 V/ ms) were chosen to be high enough to provide very fast settling time but not too high to cause a significant reduction in phase margin (and therefore stability). Thus designed, the AD711 settles to ±0.01%, with a 10 V output step, in under 1 ms, while retaining the ability to drive a 100 pF load capacitance when operating as a unity gain follower. If an op amp is modeled as an ideal integrator with a unity gain crossover frequency of wo/2p, Equation 1 will accurately describe the small signal behavior of the circuit of Figure 3a, consisting of an op amp connected as an I-to-V converter at the output of a bipolar or CMOS DAC. This equation would completely describe the output of the system if not for the op amp’s finite slew rate and other nonlinear effects. V O I IN = – R R(C f = C X ) wo s 2 + G N wo + RC f Ê ËÁ ˆ ¯˜ s +1 (3) where: wo 2p =op amp’s unity gain frequency GN = “noise” gain of circuit 1 + R R O Ê ËÁ ˆ ¯˜ This equation may then be solved for Cf: C f = 2 - G N R wo + 2 RC X wo +(1- GN ) R wo (3) In these equations, capacitor CX is the total capacitor appearing the inverting terminal of the op amp. When modeling a DAC buffer application, the Norton equivalent circuit of Figure 3a can be used directly; capacitance CX is the total capacitance of the output of the DAC plus the input capacitance of the op amp (since the two are in parallel). AD711 CX RO IO CF R RL CL VOUT Figure 3a. Simplified Model of the AD711 Used as a Current-Out DAC Buffer When RO and IO are replaced with their Thevenin VIN and RIN equivalents, the general purpose inverting amplifier of Figure 26b is created. Note that when using this general model, capacitance CX is either the input capacitance of the op amp if a simple inverting op amp is being simulated or it is the combined capacitance of the DAC output and the op amp input if the DAC buffer is being modeled. AD711 CX RIN CF R RL CL VOUT VIN Figure 3b. Simplified Model of the AD711 Used as an Inverter In either case, the capacitance CX causes the system to go from a one-pole to a two-pole response; this additional pole increases settling time by introducing peaking or ringing in the op amp output. Since the value of CX can be estimated with reasonable accuracy, Equation 2 can be used to choose a small capacitor, CF, to cancel the input pole and optimize amplifier response. Figure 4 is a graphical solution of Equation 2 for the AD711 with R = 4 k W. CF 0 0 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 20 30 40 50 60 GN = 4.0 GN = 1.0 GN = 1.5 GN = 2.0 GN = 3.0 Figure 4. Value of Capacitor CF vs. Value of CX The photos of Figures 5a and 5b show the dynamic response of the AD711 in the settling test circuit of Figure 6. The input of the settling time fixture is driven by a flat-top pulse generator. The error signal output from the false summing node of A1 is clamped, amplified by A2 and then clamped again. The error signal is thus clamped twice: once to prevent overloading amplifier A2 and then a second time to avoid overloading the oscilloscope preamp. The Tektronix oscilloscope preamp type 7A26 was carefully chosen because it does not overload with these input levels. Amplifier A2 needs to be a very high speed FET-input op amp; it provides a gain of 10, amplifying the error signal output of A1. |
Аналогичный номер детали - AD711KR-REEL |
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Аналогичное описание - AD711KR-REEL |
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